Email

DKIM validates a domain name identity that is associated with a message through cryptographic authentication. DKIM attaches a new domain name identifier to a message's header to validate authorization for its presence. The identifier is independent of any other identifier in the message.

When an email is sent or received, there is no clear indication that the email is authentic or if it was sent from a validated sender address or domain. One way to improve email security is the DMARC standard.

When you send an e-mail, first your e-mail client software forwards the message to an e-mail server. When an e-mail message is sent through the Internet, the sending mail transfer agent (MTA) queries the DNS for MX records of recipient's domain name.

The Sender Policy Framework (SPF) prevents sender address forgery. It protects the envelope sender address, which is used for the delivery of messages. SPF allows the owner of a domain to specify mail sending policy like which mail servers they use to send mail from their domain.